图像分割是计算机视觉中的核心任务之一，并且求解它通常取决于通过其组成区域的颜色分布对图像外观数据进行建模。尽管许多分割算法使用交替或隐式方法处理外观模型依赖性，但我们在这里提出了一种新方法，可以直接从图像估算它们，而无需先前有关基础分割的信息。我们的方法使用来自图像的局部高阶颜色统计信息作为潜在变量模型的基于张量分解的估计器的输入。这种方法能够估算多隔离图像中的模型，并在没有事先用户交互的情况下自动输出区域比例，从而克服了从事先尝试到此问题的缺点。我们还在许多具有挑战性的合成和真实成像方案中证明了我们提出的方法的性能，并表明它导致了有效的分割算法。

Due to the environmental impacts caused by the construction industry, repurposing existing buildings and making them more energy-efficient has become a high-priority issue. However, a legitimate concern of land developers is associated with the buildings' state of conservation. For that reason, infrared thermography has been used as a powerful tool to characterize these buildings' state of conservation by detecting pathologies, such as cracks and humidity. Thermal cameras detect the radiation emitted by any material and translate it into temperature-color-coded images. Abnormal temperature changes may indicate the presence of pathologies, however, reading thermal images might not be quite simple. This research project aims to combine infrared thermography and machine learning (ML) to help stakeholders determine the viability of reusing existing buildings by identifying their pathologies and defects more efficiently and accurately. In this particular phase of this research project, we've used an image classification machine learning model of Convolutional Neural Networks (DCNN) to differentiate three levels of cracks in one particular building. The model's accuracy was compared between the MSX and thermal images acquired from two distinct thermal cameras and fused images (formed through multisource information) to test the influence of the input data and network on the detection results.

Some recent pieces of work in the Machine Learning (ML) literature have demonstrated the usefulness of assessing which observations are hardest to have their label predicted accurately. By identifying such instances, one may inspect whether they have any quality issues that should be addressed. Learning strategies based on the difficulty level of the observations can also be devised. This paper presents a set of meta-features that aim at characterizing which instances of a dataset are hardest to have their label predicted accurately and why they are so, aka instance hardness measures. Both classification and regression problems are considered. Synthetic datasets with different levels of complexity are built and analyzed. A Python package containing all implementations is also provided.

From the perspective of constructing the classification model, this paper uses the weight coefficient (influencing factors) in the model to analyze the sales impact on different brands of electric vehicles, and optimizes the existing sales strategy.

Chronic pain is a multi-dimensional experience, and pain intensity plays an important part, impacting the patients emotional balance, psychology, and behaviour. Standard self-reporting tools, such as the Visual Analogue Scale for pain, fail to capture this burden. Moreover, this type of tools is susceptible to a degree of subjectivity, dependent on the patients clear understanding of how to use it, social biases, and their ability to translate a complex experience to a scale. To overcome these and other self-reporting challenges, pain intensity estimation has been previously studied based on facial expressions, electroencephalograms, brain imaging, and autonomic features. However, to the best of our knowledge, it has never been attempted to base this estimation on the patient narratives of the personal experience of chronic pain, which is what we propose in this work. Indeed, in the clinical assessment and management of chronic pain, verbal communication is essential to convey information to physicians that would otherwise not be easily accessible through standard reporting tools, since language, sociocultural, and psychosocial variables are intertwined. We show that language features from patient narratives indeed convey information relevant for pain intensity estimation, and that our computational models can take advantage of that. Specifically, our results show that patients with mild pain focus more on the use of verbs, whilst moderate and severe pain patients focus on adverbs, and nouns and adjectives, respectively, and that these differences allow for the distinction between these three pain classes.

在本文中，我们研究了DRL算法在本地导航问题的应用，其中机器人仅配备有限​​量距离的外部感受传感器（例如LIDAR），在未知和混乱的工作区中朝着目标位置移动。基于DRL的碰撞避免政策具有一些优势，但是一旦他们学习合适的动作的能力仅限于传感器范围，它们就非常容易受到本地最小值的影响。由于大多数机器人在非结构化环境中执行任务，因此寻求能够避免本地最小值的广义本地导航政策，尤其是在未经训练的情况下，这是非常兴趣的。为此，我们提出了一种新颖的奖励功能，该功能结合了在训练阶段获得的地图信息，从而提高了代理商故意最佳行动方案的能力。另外，我们使用SAC算法来训练我们的ANN，这表明在最先进的文献中比其他人更有效。一组SIM到SIM和SIM到现实的实验表明，我们提出的奖励与SAC相结合的表现优于比较局部最小值和避免碰撞的方法。

从随机实验获得的数据培训模型是做出良好决策的理想选择。但是，随机实验通常是耗时的，昂贵的，冒险的，不可行的或不道德的，决策者别无选择，只能依靠培训模型时在历史策略下收集的观察数据。这不仅为实践中的决策政策发挥了最佳作用，还为不同的数据收集协议对数据培训的各种政策的绩效的影响，或者在问题上的稳健性方面的稳健性，对问题的绩效提出了疑问诸如观察结果中的动作或奖励 - 特定延迟之类的特征。我们的目的是为了在LinkedIn优化销售渠道分配的问题回答此类问题，其中销售帐户（线索）需要分配给三个渠道之一，目的是在一段时间内最大程度地提高成功转换的数量。关键问题特征构成了观察分配结果的随机延迟，其分布既是通道和结果依赖性的。我们构建了一个离散的时间模拟，可以处理我们的问题功能并将其用于评估：a）基于历史规则的策略； b）有监督的机器学习政策（XGBOOST）； c）多臂强盗（MAB）策略，在涉及的不同情况下：i）用于培训的数据收集（观察性与随机分组）； ii）铅转换方案； iii）延迟分布。我们的仿真结果表明，Linucb是一种简单的mAB策略，始终优于其他策略，相对于基于规则的策略，实现了18-47％的提升

对制造工艺的机器化的需求很大，因此单调劳动。一些需要特定技能的制造任务（焊接，绘画等）缺乏工人。机器人已在这些任务中使用，但是它们的灵活性受到限制，因为它们仍然很难通过非专家编程/重新编程，从而使它们无法访问大多数公司。机器人离线编程（OLP）是可靠的。但是，直接来自CAD/CAM的生成路径不包括代表人类技能的相关参数，例如机器人最终效应器的方向和速度。本文提出了一个直观的机器人编程系统，以捕捉人类制造技能并将其转变为机器人程序。使用连接到工作工具的磁跟踪系统记录人类熟练工人的演示。收集的数据包括工作路径的方向和速度。位置数据是从CAD/CAM中提取的，因为磁跟踪器捕获时的误差很明显。路径姿势在笛卡尔空间中转换，并在模拟环境中进行验证。生成机器人程序并将其转移到真正的机器人。关于玻璃粘合剂应用过程的实验证明了拟议框架捕获人类技能并将其转移到机器人方面的使用和有效性的直觉。

产品捆绑是在线零售中使用的一种常见销售机制。为了设定有利可图的捆绑价格，卖方需要从交易数据中学习消费者的偏好。当客户购买捆绑包或多种产品时，不能使用经典方法（例如离散选择模型）来估计客户的估值。在本文中，我们提出了一种使用捆绑销售数据来了解消费者对产品的估值的方法。该方法将其降低为估计问题，其中样品由多面体区域审查。使用EM算法和蒙特卡洛模拟，我们的方法可以收回消费者估值的分布。该框架允许未观察到的无购买和集群市场细分。我们提供有关概率模型的可识别性和EM算法的收敛性的理论结果。该方法的性能也被数值证明。

能够分析和量化人体或行为特征的系统（称为生物识别系统）正在使用和应用变异性增长。由于其从手工制作的功能和传统的机器学习转变为深度学习和自动特征提取，因此生物识别系统的性能增加到了出色的价值。尽管如此，这种快速进步的成本仍然尚不清楚。由于其不透明度，深层神经网络很难理解和分析，因此，由错误动机动机动机的隐藏能力或决定是潜在的风险。研究人员已经开始将注意力集中在理解深度神经网络及其预测的解释上。在本文中，我们根据47篇论文的研究提供了可解释生物识别技术的当前状态，并全面讨论了该领域的发展方向。